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 Some core semantic and ontological relations between entities are highlighted in the CASTEMO data model. Their reserved nature - in ways unavailable for specific Property Types, which depend on specific UUIDs - ensures their compatibility across CASTEMO resea...

Abbreviation Meaning A Action type B Living Being C Concept E Event G Group L Location O Object (i.e. physical thing) P Person R Resource S Statement T Territory prop Property ...

The CASTEMO data model recommends a strong understanding of synonymy. For two lexemes to be related with the Synonym Relation, they need to have the same Superclass (if there are more superclasses, they need to share all of them). Also, if they are related to ...

The CASTEMO data model recommends a strong understanding of antonymy, i.e. one which to some degree applies also to the Superclasses of both lexemes. Through Concepts used for Classification, antonymy helps to build contrasting sets of entities for analysis. ...

The Action/Event Equivalent Relation (AEE) connects always one Action to one Concept, and it serves to translate between the world of verbs and the world of nouns. For instance, A "to baptize" would have the AEE C "baptism". Since any specific Event which hap...

Property Reciprocal (PRR) is a Relation connecting two Concepts which can feature as a Property Type. In a Property, composed of Origin, Property Type, and Property Value, it defines what Property Type the Property Value would give back to Origin if the Proper...

Identification (IDE) serves to declare the identity between PLOGESTRB entities, both within an entity type (e.g. P Rocket Man - IDE - P Elton John) and across entity types (L the boat on which we got married - IDE - O this same boat that we then sold). Not un...

The Subject/Actant1 Reciprocal (SAR) Relation relates two Actions. It is a type of Implication, but one which goes in the reverse direction: from actant 1 to the subject. For instance, if P Peter - A accompanied - P Susan, then P Susan - A was accompanied - P ...

Subject Semantics (SUS), Actant 1 Semantics (A1S), and Actant 2 Semantics (A2S) are Relations each of which connects an Action to one or more Concepts describing semantically the role of the holder of the actant slot. E.g., A "to speak (to sb - about st/sb)" w...

Implication (IMP) is a Relation which connects an Action to one or more other Actions. It denotes an action which, by implication, must have happened because it is logically implied by the original action. For instance, A travelled (with sb)  - IMP - A was in ...

Superclass (SCL) is a semantic relation which relates an Action to one or more Actions, or a Concept to one or more Concepts. It denotes hypernym (genus proximum), i.e. the more generic conceptual class to which an Action or Concept belongs. Example: C apple ...

Superordinate Entity (SOE) is a Relation which connects a subordinate entity to an entity in which it is fully contained. Example: L Milan - SOL - L Italy. In CASTEMO, only the direction from the subordinate to the superordinate entity is being stored. Howev...

Related (REL) is the least specific Relation which allows to relate entities of any type by way of association. Example: C tea - REL - C afternoon For more specific semantic relations, a relevant specific Relation or Property should be preferred.

Holonym (HOL) Relation denotes the relation between a Concept representing a part of something to a Concept representing a whole. Example: C door of a house - HOL - C house. The reverse relation is called meronymy. In CASTEMO knowledge graphs, we only store...

Classification (CLA) is a Relation between a specific PLOGESTRB entity and the class (Concept) to which it belongs. Example: O this apple - CLA - C apple; O another apple - CLA - C apple. Classification is vital for querying the database: it allows to find s...

Actions (or more fully, Action types) represent individual semantically disambiguated verbs. They are lemma-meaning units, i.e. one meaning of a specific lemma corresponds to one Action. Thus, we can have many Actions labelled "to see": one for "be able of sig...

Concepts represent, alongside Action types, another generic entity type, which holds the data semantically together. Concepts are lemma-meaning units. That is, for any distinct lemma and meaning, you create a new Concept. This proliferation of Concepts is made...

Any entity type has some internal Attributes, which allow to characterize the entity. The InkVisitor interface guides users as to what attributes are expected for a given entity type. A first and obvious Attribute is label, that is, the name of the entity. Th...

The CASTEMO data collection workflow and the InkVisitor research environment were developped as part of the Dissident Networks Project (DISSINET), based at the Centre for the Digital Research of Religion, Department for the Study of Religions, Faculty of Arts,...

Knowledge graphs are flexible data structures which store data as nodes and ties (edges). Knowledge graphs as a general data structure are not limited to any particular methodology of data analysis (such as network analysis); rather, they allow the modelling o...